theoretical framework
The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework was used to guide the development of this complete module. TPACK can be defined as the “multiple intersections of teachers’ knowledge of curriculum content, general pedagogies, technologies, and contextual influences upon learning” (Harris & Hofer, 2011). Harris, Mishra, and Koehler (2009) recommend the use of TPACK as a framework to integrate technology effectively into classes. Understanding how content, pedagogy, and technology integrate and interrelate is important so teachers can “effect maximally successful, differentiated, contextually sensitive learning” (Harris et al., 2009, p. 402).
TPACK aligns with this module in the following way:
- content knowledge: information on mortgages, searching for a home, safe-keeping a home, paying off a mortgage, home-ownership vocabulary
- pedagogical knowledge: creating real-world assessment and skill-using tasks appropriate for a CLB 6 class using curriculum guidelines
- technological knowledge: knowing what technologies learners must be able to use in a real-world to meet their needs and building competence in using these technologies in both myself and my learners
This module also used the SAMR model as a framework for planning and learning. In an attempt to avoid using technology in the classroom for the sake of using technology, following the SAMR model can encourage transformational changes in teaching and learning. SAMR consists of the following classifications: substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition. As Romrell, Kidder, and Wood (2014) state, learning activities that fall within the substitution and augmentation fields enhance learning, while activities that fall within the modification and redefinition fields transform learning. In this module, the SAMR model was used in the following way:
- Substitution: In Lesson 1, learners are asked to write their vocabulary example sentences on a Google Document rather than on a handout in the classroom.
- Augmentation: In Lesson 1, learners are exposed to an online spelling list rather than a traditional paper spelling list.
- Modification: In Lesson 2, learners complete their regular homework assignment in an online environment, giving them the opportunity to share and learn from others.
- Redefinition: In Lesson 4, learners search for their own youtube videos, take notes on their findings, and share tips with the rest of the class using Google Docs.